martes, 21 de mayo de 2013

Types of common texts

Types of common text

Today we are going to study four specific types:

  • Argumentative
  • Expositive
  • Comparison & contrast
  • Cause & effect 
ARGUMENTATIVE:
It is a text when there is the presence of the author. In other words, when the author conveys his ideas using the explicit or implicit arguments.

Explicit arguments:
It means to state them clearly. Here, the writer is including himself through the first person and certain beliefs are arguments such as: true versus false, for versus against, these beliefs are imposed by him and will depend upon his intention. Some linguistics signals:


Linguistics signals
I think                            I believe                         To me                             My guess
Personally                      In our studies                  I suppose                        To myself
In my opinion                  One considers…              We agree                        To my view
Oneself                           We                                    Us


Implicit arguments
It is a proposition is implicit in an argument when it is part of the argument intended by the writer either as a process of forming reasons (premises) or of drawing conclusions, but at the same time it has not been explicitly stated by him in the text. An evaluation of the text can be done by the author through his comments in an omniscient way. We can use it:

 -expresses approval or disapproval by his choice of words
-presents positive or negative points, effective and ineffective good reasons, or a balance of both
-present his argument explicitly or implicitly.
Some linguistics signals:

Linguistics signals
It is impossible to…                      It is important…                            It is fundamental…        
It is well know…                           It is rare…                                    It deserves special 
It is simple…                                It could be dangerous…                  It other words…



EXPOSITIVE:
In an expositive text, the author’s arguments are presented by means of different stylistic resources, for instance, a writer makes use of authorities in the field such as testimonies, quotations. To support his thesis the author could to cite another source of information like statistics, comments, opions, suggestion, etc. Some linguistics signals:


Linguistic signals
You can find in this kind of texts:

Verbs
acount for                       change                            declare                           claim                    
expose                            accuse                             affirm                             go down
decrease                         estimates                        express                           report

Expression and phrases:
Authorities think that…                   Researchers believe…             Experts support…
Really                                             according to                          as a matter of fact
Nearly                                            roughly                                 series or sequence of events


COMPARISON & CONTRAST:
Comparison/Contrast text shows how two or more people, places, or things are alike or different. Authors use descriptions of the items being compared to illustrate the differences or the similarities of the items being compared. Words that signal this type of text structure are but, however, although, yet, similarly, on the other hand, while, and for instance. May be used to depict the similarities and differences in facts, events, items, or concepts. Some linguistics signals:

Linguistic signals
Different from                                      same as                                        similar                 
As opposed to                                      instead of                                      instead of
Although                                              however                                        compared with
As well as                                           either… or                                      but



CAUSE & EFFECT
Cause/Effect is used to show how the facts, events, or concepts result due to other facts, events or concepts. Words that signal this type of text structure are because, since, therefore, if…then, as a result of, thus, and hence. A graphic organizer may be used to represent the relationship between the causes and effects. Some linguistics signals:



Linguistics signals
Because                                               Yet                                    Also  
Since                                                   Consequently                   This led to… so
If… then                                             Nevertheless                     Accordingly
Because og                                         As a result of                    In order to
May be due to                                    For this reason                 not only but 

Source: "Translation as a Tool for the Teaching of Englisg Text: A Discoruse Analysis." Delgado, Marbella. Lozada, Dalia. Santoyo, Francisco.

http://www.dayofreading.org/DOR10HO/expository%20short%20texts.pdf

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