Today we are going to study four specific types:
- Argumentative
- Expositive
- Comparison & contrast
- Cause & effect
ARGUMENTATIVE:
It is a text
when there is the presence of the author. In other words, when the author
conveys his ideas using the explicit or implicit arguments.
Explicit arguments:
It means to
state them clearly. Here, the writer is including himself through the first
person and certain beliefs are arguments such as: true versus false, for versus
against, these beliefs are imposed by him and will depend upon his intention. Some linguistics signals:
Linguistics signals
I think I
believe To
me My
guess
Personally In
our studies I suppose To myself
In my opinion One
considers… We agree To my view
Oneself We Us
Implicit arguments
It is a
proposition is implicit in an argument when it is part of the argument intended
by the writer either as a process of forming reasons (premises) or of drawing conclusions,
but at the same time it has not been explicitly stated by him in the text. An
evaluation of the text can be done by the author through his comments in an
omniscient way. We can use it:
Some linguistics signals:
-expresses approval or disapproval by his
choice of words
-presents
positive or negative points, effective and ineffective good reasons, or a
balance of both
-present
his argument explicitly or implicitly. Some linguistics signals:
Linguistics signals
It is impossible to… It is important… It is fundamental…
It is well know… It is rare… It
deserves special
It is simple… It
could be dangerous… It
other words…
EXPOSITIVE:
In an
expositive text, the author’s arguments are presented by means of different
stylistic resources, for instance, a writer makes use of authorities in the
field such as testimonies, quotations. To support his thesis the author could
to cite another source of information like statistics, comments, opions,
suggestion, etc. Some linguistics signals:
Linguistic signals
You can
find in this kind of texts:
Verbs
acount for change declare claim
expose accuse affirm go down
decrease estimates express report
Expression and
phrases:
Authorities think that… Researchers believe… Experts support…
Really according
to as
a matter of fact
Nearly roughly series
or sequence of events
COMPARISON & CONTRAST:
Comparison/Contrast
text shows how two or more people, places, or things are alike or different. Authors
use descriptions of the items being compared to illustrate the differences or
the similarities of the items being compared. Words that signal this type of
text structure are but, however, although, yet, similarly, on the other hand,
while, and for instance. May be used to depict the similarities and differences
in facts, events, items, or concepts. Some linguistics signals:
Linguistic signals
Different from same
as similar
As opposed to instead
of instead
of
Although however compared
with
As well as either…
or but
CAUSE & EFFECT
Cause/Effect
is used to show how the facts, events, or concepts result due to other facts,
events or concepts. Words that signal this type of text structure are because,
since, therefore, if…then, as a result of, thus, and hence. A graphic organizer
may be used to represent the relationship between the causes and effects. Some linguistics signals:
Because Yet Also
Since Consequently This led to… so
If… then Nevertheless Accordingly
Because og As
a result of In order
to
May be due to For
this reason not only but
Source: "Translation as a Tool for the Teaching of Englisg Text: A Discoruse Analysis." Delgado, Marbella. Lozada, Dalia. Santoyo, Francisco.
http://www.dayofreading.org/DOR10HO/expository%20short%20texts.pdf
Source: "Translation as a Tool for the Teaching of Englisg Text: A Discoruse Analysis." Delgado, Marbella. Lozada, Dalia. Santoyo, Francisco.
http://www.dayofreading.org/DOR10HO/expository%20short%20texts.pdf
